Colombia's powerful former president Álvaro Uribe appeared before the country's Supreme Court Tuesday for questioning in a case involving alleged witness tampering that could potentially cast a dark shadow over the leader's legacy.
A magistrate was expected to ask Uribe behind closed doors about accusations that, through a lawyer, he tried to influence and even bribe members of a paramilitary group who had damaging information against him.
The case stems from allegations raised by Senator Ivan Cepeda, who claims he has first-hand witness accounts that Uribe was a founding leader of a paramilitary group in his home province during the decades-long civil conflict involving government, leftist rebels and right-wing bands.
The ex-chief of state has denied all accusations of ties to the paramilitaries, who are accused of drug-trafficking, killing innocents and driving thousands from their homes or lands while fighting rebels.
The case has divided the South American nation and set off demonstrations both in favour of and against the ex-president. Political analysts are also watching it as an important test for Colombia's justice system, which throughout its history has struggled to hold prominent political and military leaders accountable.
"It's crucial that Colombia's justice system handles this with professional, dispassionate rigour so that it doesn't devolve into a circus," said Adam Isacson, a Colombia expert with the Washington Office on Latin American think tank.
Influence
Perhaps no political leader in Colombia's recent history has wielded as much influence as Uribe, who still boasts legions of followers. He successfully led the campaign to reject a referendum approving Colombia's peace process with leftist rebels in 2016. Last year, his support lifted a little-known senator, Iván Duque, to the presidency.
But allegations of ties to drug-cartels and paramilitaries have dogged Uribe since the early 1980s, when the civil aviation agency he led was accused of giving air licences to drug-traffickers. Declassified US State Department cables from a decade later show US officials were told the up-and-coming politician had ties to cartels.
Uribe has persistently denied those charges and was an unwavering US ally in the war on drugs during his 2002-2010 presidency. He extradited a record number of suspected drug-traffickers to the US and aggressively expanded a US programme to aerially spray wide swaths of illegal coca crops with chemical herbicide.
"I never thought my defence of honour and love for Colombia, with respect for citizens and in accordance with the Constitution, would create legal problems for me," Uribe said Monday.
His court appearance stems from allegations Cepeda made in 2014 during a debate in Congress over Uribe's alleged paramilitary ties. Cepeda claimed he had accounts from two ex-combatants confirming the association.
Uribe in turn accused Cepeda of slander, but the Supreme Court later dismissed the case, instead opening an investigation into the ex-president.
The case hinges largely on statements by former paramilitary fighter Juan Guillermo Monsalve, who claims Uribe helped form a branch of the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia, an umbrella paramilitary group known by its Spanish acronym, AUC.
Monsalve alleges that a lawyer for Uribe, Diego Cadena, pressured him to retract his statement. A second ex-paramilitary has also alleged that Cadena also paid him to testify in favour of the former president.
Evidence
The Supreme Court will have to weigh whether there is sufficient evidence tying Uribe to actions Cadena may have conducted as his attorney to justify charges against the ex-chief of state.
The magistrates will also have to weigh the credibility of witnesses with checkered pasts who have at times changed their stories.
Many Colombians are either devout Uribe loyalists who praise his iron-fisted approach to defeating leftist rebels while president or sceptics who have long wanted to see the former leader in court.
"Whether they convict him or absolve him, half of all Colombians will be angry," the newsweekly Semana recently wrote.
Uribe's legal woes are also mingled with frustrations over Colombia's historic peace accord with leftist guerrillas. Most ex-rebels will serve no jail time if they fully confess any crimes, an offer that irks many Colombians. Several former rebel commanders are serving in Congress, another stipulation of the fragile accord.
'Deliver justice'
Uribe acolytes like Senator Paloma Valencia complain the judicial system is letting ex-combatants accused of multiple, grave human rights violations off easy while interrogating a popular former president.
"It's surprising that who is being called to court is a leader who has represented the majority of Colombians in recent years," she told the El Tiempo newspaper.
As Uribe arrived at the Palace of Justice, surrounded by six bodyguards, several hundred people gathered outside chanting phrases against him, including, "The people are angry!"
"Let the court deliver justice," said Marta Delgado, 57, a housewife standing outside holding up a white poster with the words, "I support the Supreme Court."
About 50 police officers stood guard in front of the historic building, where a 1985 attack by leftist M19 guerrillas — and a heavy-handed police and military response — left over 100 people dead.
A smaller group yelled out in favor of the ex-president, crying, "We are with you!"
"He's always looked after the wellbeing of Colombians," said Luis Muñera, 62, who runs a farm filled with cattle and fruit trees. "I can't accept him being branded a paramilitary."
– AP
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